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Reproductive Endocrinology Specialist
Reproductive endocrinology is a specialised branch of medicine that focuses on the study and treatment of disorders related to the reproductive system and the endocrine processes that regulate it.
This field includes a wide range of topics, such as infertility, reproductive hormone imbalances, congenital reproductive anomalies and menopause-related issues.
Dr Daphne Lee
MBBS
MRCP(UK)
FAMS
Types of Reproductive Endocrine Disorders
Reproductive endocrine disorders include a range of conditions that affect the reproductive system, often due to hormonal imbalances or dysfunctions.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Characterised by irregular menstrual cycles, excessive androgen levels, and polycystic ovaries. PCOS is a leading cause of infertility in women.
Premature Ovarian Failure (POF)
Also known as primary ovarian insufficiency, POF is a condition where the ovaries stop functioning properly before the age of 40, often leading to infertility.
Hypogonadism
In females, it involves inadequate production of sex hormones by the ovaries.
Hyperprolactinemia
Elevated levels of prolactin can disrupt the menstrual cycle in women and cause infertility. In men, it can lead to reduced libido and impotence.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
A group of inherited disorders affecting the adrenal glands, leading to imbalances in hormone production, potentially affecting sexual development and fertility.
Menopause and Perimenopause Disorders
These include symptoms and complications arising during the transition to menopause, such as hot flashes, mood changes, and decreased bone density.
Complications
Reproductive endocrine disorders can lead to a variety of complications, which vary depending on the specific disorder.
- Infertility: Many conditions such as PCOS and hypogonadism, can impair fertility, making conception difficult or impossible without medical intervention.
- Menstrual Irregularities: Disorders like PCOS can lead to irregular, absent, or heavy menstrual cycles, impacting daily life and reproductive health.
- Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: Some conditions, like PCOS, are associated with an increased risk of conditions like hypertension and cardiovascular diseases due to hormonal imbalances and associated metabolic issues.
- Osteoporosis: Hormonal imbalances, particularly a deficiency in oestrogen, can lead to decreased bone density and increased risk of osteoporosis.
- Metabolic Syndromes: Conditions such as PCOS are linked with insulin resistance, obesity, and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
- Sexual Dysfunction: Hormonal imbalances can affect libido, sexual performance, and overall sexual health.
Symptoms
Symptoms vary widely depending on the specific disorder but commonly include:
- Irregular Menstrual Cycles: Infrequent, irregular, or absent menstrual periods can be a sign of conditions like PCOS or hypogonadism.
- Fertility Issues: Difficulty conceiving or recurrent miscarriages may indicate an underlying reproductive disorder related to hormonal imbalances.
- Hirsutism and Acne: Excessive hair growth in women can be a symptom of hormonal imbalances like those found in PCOS.
- Hot Flashes and Night Sweats: Common during menopause and perimenopause, these symptoms can also occur in other hormonal disorders.
- Fatigue and Mood Changes: These can be linked to hormonal imbalances affecting the reproductive system.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of these disorders typically involves:
- Medical History and Physical Examination: A thorough review of symptoms, menstrual history, sexual history, and a physical examination.
- Blood Tests: To measure hormone levels, such as FSH, LH, oestrogen, testosterone, and prolactin, and assess their impact on reproductive function.
- Ultrasound Imaging: Used to visualise the reproductive organs, identifying conditions like polycystic ovaries.
Treatment Options
The treatment of reproductive endocrine disorders is tailored to the individual’s specific condition, symptoms, and overall health goals.
Hormonal Therapies
These are often the first line of treatment for conditions like PCOS. They may include oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, and other hormonal medications to regulate menstrual cycles and alleviate symptoms.
Lifestyle Modifications
In conditions like PCOS, lifestyle changes, including diet modification, weight management, and exercise, can improve symptoms and overall health outcomes.
Medications for Symptom Management
This includes pain relievers for menstrual cramps, medication to reduce excessive hair growth, and acne treatments.
Dr Daphne Lee
MBBS
MRCP(UK)
FAMS
Dr Daphne Lee has special interests in the comprehensive management & treatment of diabetes, adrenal and pituitary conditions.
Qualifications
- MBBS (National University of Singapore, Singapore) 2006
- MRCP (Royal College of Physicians, United Kingdom)
- Fellow, Academy of Medicine, Singapore (FAMS)
- Registered with Specialist Accreditation Board (SAB)
- Registered with Singapore Medical Council (SMC)
Before private practice, Dr Daphne Lee was a consultant endocrinologist at Khoo Teck Puat Hospital. During her time there, she also ran the pituitary and adrenal clinics.
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Mount Elizabeth Novena Specialist Center
38 Irrawaddy Road, #07 - 63,
Singapore 329563
Gleneagles Medical Centre
6 Napier Road, #03 - 10,
Singapore 258499
Weekdays: 08:30am – 05:30pm
Saturdays: 08:30am – 12:30pm
Sundays & Public Holidays: Closed
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Mount Elizabeth Novena Specialist Center
38 Irrawaddy Road, #07 - 63,
Singapore 329563
Gleneagles Medical Centre
6 Napier Road, #03 - 10,
Singapore 258499
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
How are hormonal imbalances diagnosed and treated?
Hormonal imbalances are diagnosed through blood tests, medical history, and symptom evaluation. Treatment may include hormonal therapies, lifestyle changes, or surgery, depending on the underlying condition and symptoms.
Can lifestyle changes improve reproductive health?
Yes, lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and stress management can impact reproductive health. In some conditions, like PCOS, lifestyle modifications are a main component of treatment.